Electronic data		Thermal data		Steric data
Shells: 2,8,5 Orbitals: [Ne] 3s2 3p3 Electronegativity: 2.1, 2.1 1. Ionization potential: 10.4867 eV 2. Ionization potential: 19.725 eV 3. Ionization potential: 30.18 eV Oxidation states: 5,3,-3 Electrical conductivity: 1.0e-17 10^6		Melting point: 44.1 °C Boiling point: 277 °C Specific heat: 0.77 J/gK Heat of fusion: 0.657 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 12.129 kJ/mol Thermal conductivity: 0.00235 W/cmK		Atomic radius: 1.23 Å Ionic radius: 0.17 Å () Covalent radius: 1.06 Å Atomic volume: 17.0 cm³/mol Density (293 K): 1.82 g/cm³ Crystal structure: Monoclinic

Nuclide	Abundance [%]	Mass	Spin	Halflife	Decay mode	Decay tree
31P	100	30.9737620	1/2	--	stable	--
32P	0	31.9739	1	14.28d	-	View
33P	0	32.9717	1/2	24.3d	-	View

Legend

Name origin:	Greek: phosphoros, (bringer of light)
Description:	Soft white waxy phosphorescent solid, brownish-red powder or black solid.
Discovered by:	Hennig Brand
Year:	1669
Place:	Germany
Sources:	Found most often in phosphate rock. Pure phosphorus is obtained by heating a mixture of phosphate rock, coke, and silica to about 1450 °C.
Use(s):	Used in the production of fertilizers and detergents. Some is used in fireworks, safety matches, and incendiary weapons. Also some applications for it and some of its compounds which glow in the dark.