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| Electronic data | Thermal data | Steric data | ||
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Shells: 2,8,7 Orbitals: [Ne] 3s2 3p5 Electronegativity: 2.8, 3.0 1. Ionization potential: 12.9676 eV 2. Ionization potential: 23.81 eV 3. Ionization potential: 39.611 eV Oxidation states: 7,5,3,1,-1 Electrical conductivity: -- |
Melting point: -100.98 °C Boiling point: -34.6 °C Specific heat: 0.48 J/gK Heat of fusion: 3.203 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 10.20 kJ/mol Thermal conductivity: 0.000089 W/cmK |
Atomic radius: 0.97 Å Ionic radius: 1.81 Å () Covalent radius: 0.99 Å Atomic volume: 16.9 cm³/mol Density (293 K): 0.003214 g/cm³ Crystal structure: Orthorhombic |
| Legend Pocket calculator |
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| Nuclide | Abundance [%] | Mass | Spin | Halflife | Decay mode | Decay tree |
| 35Cl | 75.53 | 34.9689 | 3/2 | -- | stable | -- |
| 36Cl | 0 | 35.9797 | 2 | 3.01E05y | View | |
| 37Cl | 24.47 | 36.9659 | 3/2 | -- | stable | -- |
| 38Cl | 0 | 38 | 2 | 37.2m | View |
| Legend |
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| Name origin: | Greek: chlôros (greenish yellow) |
| Description: | Greenish-yellow, disagreeable gas. Never found in free form in nature. |
| Discovered by: | Carl Wilhelm Scheele |
| Year: | 1774 |
| Place: | Sweden |
| Sources: | Salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is its most common compound. Commercial quantities are produced by electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride (seawater or brine from salt mines). |
| Use(s): | Used in water purification, bleaches, acids and many, many other compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). |
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