Electronic data		Thermal data		Steric data
Shells: 2,8,18,15,1 Orbitals: [Kr] 4d7 5s1 Electronegativity: 1.4, 2.2 1. Ionization potential: 7.3605 eV 2. Ionization potential: 16.76 eV 3. Ionization potential: 28.47 eV Oxidation states: 8,6,4,3,2,0,-2 Electrical conductivity: 0.137 10^6		Melting point: 2334 °C Boiling point: 4150 °C Specific heat: 0.238 J/gK Heat of fusion: 24.0 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 595.0 kJ/mol Thermal conductivity: 1.17 W/cmK		Atomic radius: 1.89 Å Ionic radius: 0.62 Å () Covalent radius: 1.25 Å Atomic volume: 8.3 cm³/mol Density (293 K): 12.2 g/cm³ Crystal structure: Hexagonal

Nuclide	Abundance [%]	Mass	Spin	Halflife	Decay mode	Decay tree
96Ru	5.51	95.9076	0	--	stable	--
97Ru	0	97	5/2	2.89d	EC,EC	View
98Ru	1.87	97.9053	0	--	stable	--
99Ru	12.72	98.9059	5/2	--	stable	--
100Ru	12.62	99.9042	0	--	stable	--
101Ru	17.07	101.906	5/2	--	stable	--
102Ru	31.61	101.904	0	--	stable	--
103Ru	0	103	3/2	39.27d	-,b-	View
104Ru	58.58	103.905	0	--	stable	--
105Ru	0	105	3/2	4.44h	-,b-	View
106Ru	0	106	0	1.020y	-	View

Legend

Name origin:	Latin: ruthenia (Russia)
Description:	Rare, extremely brittle, silver-gray metal.
Discovered by:	Karl Klaus
Year:	1844
Place:	Russia
Sources:	Found in pentlandite and pyroxinite.
Use(s):	Used to harden platinum and palladium. Aircraft magnetos use platinum alloy with 10% ruthenium.