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| Electronic data | Thermal data | Steric data | ||
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Shells: 2,4 Orbitals: [He] 2s2 2p2 Electronegativity: 2.5, 2.5 1. Ionization potential: 11.2603 eV 2. Ionization potential: 24.383 eV 3. Ionization potential: 47.887 eV Oxidation states: 4,2,-4 Electrical conductivity: 0.00061 10^6 |
Melting point: 3825 °C (Sublimes) Boiling point: 4827 °C Specific heat: 0.71 J/gK Heat of fusion: -- kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 355.80 kJ/mol Thermal conductivity: 1.29 W/cmK |
Atomic radius: 0.91 Å Ionic radius: 0.16 Å () Covalent radius: 0.77 Å Atomic volume: 4.58 cm³/mol Density (293 K): 2.62 g/cm³ Crystal structure: Hexagonal |
| Legend Pocket calculator |
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| Nuclide | Abundance [%] | Mass | Spin | Halflife | Decay mode | Decay tree |
| 11C | 0 | 11 | 3/2 | 20.3m | View | |
| 12C | 98.892 | 12 | 0 | -- | stable | -- |
| 13C | 1.108 | 13.0034 | 1/2 | -- | stable | -- |
| 14C | 0 | 14.0032 | 0 | 5730y | View | |
| 15C | 0 | 15 | 1/2 | 2.45s | View |
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| Name origin: | Latin: carbo, (charcoal) |
| Description: | Allotropic forms include diamonds and graphite. Sixth most abundant element in the universe. |
| Discovered by: | Known to the ancients |
| Year: | -- |
| Place: | Unknown |
| Sources: | Made by burning organic compounds with insufficient oxygen. |
| Use(s): | For making steel, in filters, and many more uses. Radiocarbon dating uses the C14 isotope to date old objects. |
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