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Lead

Metalsolid
Symbol: Pb
Atomic number: 82
Atomic mass: 207.2
Group: Metal
CAS-number: 7439-92-1

Physical data
Isotopes
Other info
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Physical data

Electronic data

Shells: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Electronegativity: 1.9, 1.6
1. Ionization potential: 7.4167 eV
2. Ionization potential: 15.028 eV
3. Ionization potential: 31.943 eV
Oxidation states: 4, 2
Electrical conductivity: 0.0481 10^6

Thermal data

Melting point: 327.502 °C
Boiling point: 1740 °C
Specific heat: 0.13 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 4.799 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 177.70 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.353 W/cmK

Steric data

Atomic radius: 1.81 Å
Ionic radius: 1.19 Å (+2)
Covalent radius: 1.47 Å
Atomic volume: 18.17 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 11.34 g/cm³
Crystal structure: cubic face centered
cubic face centered

Isotopes

NuclideAbundance [%]MassSpinHalflifeDecay modeDecay tree
202Pb 0 202 0 5.3E04y EC View
202Pbm 0 202 9 3.53h IT View
203Pb 0 203 5/2 2.162d EC View
204Pb 1.48 203.973 0 -- --
204Pbm 0 204 9 1.12h IT View
205Pb 0 205 5/2 1.5E07y EC View
206Pb 23.6 205.974 0 -- --
207Pb 22.6 206.976 1/2 -- --
208Pb 52.3 207.977 0 -- --
209Pb 0 209 9/2 3.25h β- View
210Pb 0 210 0 22.3y β-, α View
211Pb 0 211 9/2 36.1m β- View
212Pb 0 212 0 10.64h β- View
214Pb 0 214 0 27m β- View

Other info

Name origin:Anglo-Saxon: lead; symbol from Latin: plumbum.
Description:Very soft, highly malleable and ductile, blue-white shiny metal.
Discovered by:Known to the ancients
Year:--
Place:Unknown
Sources:Found most often in ores called galena or lead sulfide (PbS). Some is found in its native state.
Use(s):Used in solder, shielding against radiation and in batteries.